The Hindi writer Shrilal Shukla turns a mercilessly satirical gaze on the corruption and complicity that have long marked the governance systems of rural India in particular. Raag DarbaribyВ ShrilalВ Shukla, translated from HindiВ by Gillian Wright | Penguin Jerry Pinto's delicate translation privileges emotional fidelity over semantic proximity, which gives the novel both an intensity and a lightness.Д¤. A young man moves in as a paying guest to a house occupied by a brother and sister, both of whom, unknown to him perhaps, fall in love with him. Sachin Kundalkar's first novel, written in Marathi when he was just twenty-two, is a tender exploration of a love triangle bursting with the fullness of the multiple relationships that inform the lives of its protagonists. Cobalt Blueby Sachin Kundalkar,В translated from MarathiВ by Jerry Pinto | The New Press And his mother, Sujata, through whose grief and pride, love and resilience, this novel unfolds, becomesВ the 'mother of 1084.' In Sujata's conflicts Mahasweta Devi merges both the external political turmoil-pitting class against class, society against the establishment, firebrands against the authorities-and the internal, familial one of the mother/wife/daughter figure who is seeking freedom and equality on behalf of herself as well as womenkind in general.ДЈ. After his death, his identity is reduced to вЂњCorpse Number 1084вЂќ in the morgue. Mother of 1084by Mahasweta Devi, translated from Bengali by Samik Bandyopadhyay | Seagull BooksДЄctivist-writer Mahasweta Devi's clear-eyed novel, translated crisply by Samik Bandyopadhyay, chronicles the violent, extreme-left political movement that overtook Calcutta in the 1960s and 1970s through the eyes of a mother whose son, Brati, a part of this uprising, is killed in a police encounter. This is a novel that is not so much a narrative as a collective journey.Дў. Vavachan, a member of a so-called lower caste in the southern state of Kerala, puts on a moustache for the role of a policeman in a play-after which the moustache acquires mythical proportions through the imagination of the oppressed.

Hareesh's magical Malayalam novel, lyrically translated by Jayasree Kalathil, cares neither for a single story nor for a small cast of characters. Hareesh,В translated from Malayalam by Jayasree Kalathil | HarperCollins India The objective is not to create a best-of list, but simply to provide a flavor.ДЎ. However, there exist more than a dozen different literatures in the country, each in its own language, that can provide a far better sense of the almost bewildering diversity of voices, themes, forms, settings, characters, and historicities of literary India.ДЄs a beginning, here is a list of ten novels from non-English languages, translated into English. Of course, they have a disproportionate share of voice because they are published with greater frequency in the Anglophone world, and because English is the professional, social, and now even personal language of the educated elite of India. Where, then, should a world reader look for books from India? Those written in English are an important, but by no means the only, port of call. What's more, the literatures in each of these languages goes back much further than English literature in what is known today as the country of India. All the other languages-which include but are not limited to a range from Malayalam, Tamil, Kannada, and Telugu in the south to Urdu, Kashmiri, Punjabi, and Hindi in the north, from Marathi, Konkani, and Gujarati in the west to Bengali, Odia, and Assamese in the east-are of older vintage. The country has, in fact, twenty-two official languages, and of these, English is the most recent arrival. For reasons of both colonial history-most of India was under the rule of the British Empire, first through the East India Company and then directly for 190 years, from 1757 to 1947-and of a continuous wave of fiction from Indian writers in English since Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children (1981), both list-makers and editors seem to forget that India is in fact a country with 20,000 tongues, which are variations of over 120 distinct languages. Almost every time a literary publication in the Western Hemisphere commissions a list of the best novels from India, they turn out to be a compilation of books written in the English language.

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